What is trauma? As a psychologist, I’ve heard about this question a couple of times and what I realize is that people who hear about the word trauma, are afraid of the word trauma; yet due to all the information and jargon surrounding trauma, it becomes challenging to understand it. So, what is trauma in simple terms? Trauma is a psychological term used to describe an emotional response to an event or experience that is deeply distressing or disturbing. It overwhelms a person’s ability to cope, leaving them feeling helpless, frightened, or overwhelmed. These reactions are deeply ingrained and can leave enduring effects on one’s thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships. Whether it’s a single catastrophic incident or a series of distressing events, the impact of trauma can reverberate throughout a person’s life, shaping their worldview and influencing how they navigate the world around them. Trauma can affect people in various ways, impacting their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical health.

Trauma manifests in two primary forms: capital T trauma and small t trauma. Capital T trauma encompasses significant and often life-threatening events, directly threatening an individual’s physical or psychological well-being. Examples range from natural disasters like earthquakes to acts of violence such as assault, abuse, or terrorism, and even include serious accidents like car crashes or experiences of war or combat. These incidents, though singular, are profoundly impactful, potentially leaving enduring scars on mental health. Conversely, small t trauma entails less severe yet distressing experiences that accumulate over time, exerting a significant toll on an individual’s well-being. Examples include emotional neglect or abandonment, instances of bullying or harassment, chronic illness or medical procedures, and the emotional upheaval accompanying divorce or the loss of a loved one. Despite lacking the immediacy of capital T trauma, the cumulative effect of these experiences can be just as profound, shaping one’s emotional structure and influencing their responses to future stressors.

Common behaviors and thinking patterns often observed in individuals experiencing trauma include hypervigilance, characterized by a perpetual state of alertness for potential threats. This can lead to avoidance behaviors, where individuals steer clear of situations, places, or people that evoke memories of the traumatic event. Flashbacks may occur, wherein vivid and distressing recollections of the trauma feel as though they are recurring. Emotional numbing may manifest, resulting in a sense of disconnection from emotions or a diminished capacity for joy or pleasure in activities. Trust issues may arise, making it challenging for individuals to confide in or feel safe around others. Additionally, feelings of self-blame or guilt may surface, with individuals wrongly attributing responsibility for the traumatic event or experiencing survivor’s guilt. Mood swings are also common, with emotions fluctuating between intense anger or irritability and periods of sadness or despair. These behaviors and thought patterns reflect the complex and multifaceted nature of trauma’s impact on individuals’ mental and emotional well-being.

Recognizing the signs of trauma is crucial, and it’s imperative to address them promptly as trauma typically does not heal on its own. Seeking support from a mental health professional is often necessary to navigate the complexities of trauma and its effects on mental and emotional well-being. It’s important to note that the information provided here is general and intended for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of trauma, it’s essential to seek guidance from a qualified mental health practitioner for personalized support and care.